Number Theory methods

• How to write a proof by induction

  Learn the standard steps to write a mathematical proof by induction, including the base case and inductive step.

• How to solve a modular arithmetic equation

  Learn how to solve linear congruences using the greatest common divisor and modular multiplicative inverses.

• How to count with the inclusion-exclusion principle

  Learn how to use the inclusion-exclusion principle to compute the cardinality of the union of multiple overlapping sets in discrete mathematics.

• How to find the GCD with the Euclidean algorithm

  Learn to compute the greatest common divisor of two integers using the Euclidean algorithm by applying repeated division and remainder substitution.