Chemistry methods
- How to solve an equilibrium problem with an ICE table
Learn how to calculate equilibrium concentrations using an ICE table and the equilibrium constant.
- How to calculate enthalpy change with Hess's law
Calculate the standard enthalpy change of a reaction using Hess's law by algebraically combining the enthalpies of known intermediate reactions.
- How to solve a calorimetry problem
A standard method for solving constant-pressure and constant-volume calorimetry problems using the first law of thermodynamics.
- How to find the rate law from experimental data
Determine the rate law by comparing initial rates across experiments where only one reactant concentration is changed at a time.
- How to use Henderson-Hasselbalch for a buffer
Calculate the pH of a buffer solution using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation with exact steps, a worked example, and edge case FAQs.
- How to calculate pH of a weak acid
Calculate the pH of a weak acid using the acid dissociation constant (Ka), an ICE table, and equilibrium concentrations.
- How to solve a titration problem
Calculate unknown concentrations or volumes in titration problems using balanced chemical equations, molarity, and stoichiometry.
- How to solve an ideal gas law problem
Learn how to solve ideal gas law problems using PV=nRT, including standard unit conversions and identifying given variables.
- How to calculate molarity and dilutions
Learn the standard formulas and steps to calculate the molarity of a solution and perform dilution calculations.
- How to find an empirical formula from percent composition
Calculate the empirical formula of a compound from its elemental percent composition by mass.
- How to calculate percent yield
Learn how to calculate percent yield in chemistry by comparing actual yield to theoretical yield.
- How to find the limiting reactant
Identify the limiting reactant by converting reactants to moles and comparing the theoretical yield of product each can form.
- How to convert grams to moles and back
Learn the standard method to convert between mass in grams and amount in moles using molar mass.
- How to balance a chemical equation
Learn the step-by-step method to balance chemical equations by adjusting stoichiometric coefficients to satisfy the conservation of mass.